--- title: ERP and CRM Glossary for Businesses in Bahrain | BAHRAIN ERP url: https://www.erpbahrain.com/glossary/ updated: 2026-10-09 publisher: BAHRAIN ERP (part of Shyphan AI Solutions Pvt Ltd) --- Glossary # ERP and CRM Glossary for Businesses in Bahrain Plain-English definitions of the ERP, CRM, inventory, finance and Bahrain compliance terms used across this website. Terms ## ERP, CRM and Bahrain Compliance Glossary - ERP (enterprise resource planning) Business software that connects finance, sales, purchasing, inventory, production and HR in one system so every team works from the same data. - CRM (customer relationship management) Software that records leads, customers, quotes and follow-ups so sales and service teams can see the full history of every relationship. - Implementation partner A company that configures, integrates and supports business software for you. BAHRAIN ERP is an implementation partner for Zoho, Odoo, ERPNext and Microsoft Dynamics 365. - Configuration vs customisation Configuration changes settings that the product already supports. Customisation adds code or new features. Configuration is cheaper to maintain and easier to upgrade. - SaaS (software as a service) Software delivered over the internet on a subscription, usually priced per user or per application, with the vendor handling hosting and updates. - Open-source ERP ERP whose source code is published under an open licence, such as ERPNext and the Odoo Community edition. You still pay for hosting, implementation and support. - Multi-entity (multi-company) A single system that keeps the books of several legal companies separate while allowing group-level reporting. - Chart of accounts The structured list of ledger accounts a business uses to record transactions and produce financial statements. - Bill of materials (BOM) The list of materials, components and quantities needed to make one unit of a product. - MRP (material requirements planning) A planning method that works out which materials to buy or make, and when, from demand and the bill of materials. - WMS (warehouse management system) Software that controls stock locations, picking, packing and movements inside a warehouse, often with barcode scanning. - POS (point of sale) The system used at the checkout to take payment, issue receipts and update stock and sales records. - Batch and serial tracking Recording which batch, lot or serial number of an item was received, stored and sold, so problems can be traced and recalled. - Landed cost The full cost of an imported item once freight, insurance, duties and handling are added to the purchase price. - Reorder point The stock level at which a new purchase or production order should be raised so the item does not run out. - Cycle counting Counting a small part of the inventory regularly instead of stopping everything for one annual stocktake. - Three-way match A control that compares the purchase order, the goods received note and the supplier invoice before the invoice is paid. - Progress billing Invoicing a customer in stages as a project advances, often by percentage complete or milestone, sometimes with retention held back. - Audit trail A time-stamped record of who created, changed or approved each transaction, used to review and prove what happened. - Role-based access Giving each user only the screens, data and actions their job requires. - Workflow automation Rules that route approvals, reminders and hand-offs automatically instead of relying on email and spreadsheets. - Low-code platform A tool for building business apps and workflows mostly with configuration and visual builders instead of writing everything in code. Zoho Creator is an example. - API (application programming interface) A defined way for one system to read and write data in another, used to integrate ERP and CRM with stores, banks and devices. - Integration Connecting two systems so data moves between them automatically. It can use a native connector, an API, middleware or file exchange. - Middleware Software that sits between systems and moves, transforms and monitors data flowing between them. - Data migration Cleaning, mapping and loading existing data (customers, items, balances) from old systems or spreadsheets into the new one. - UAT (user acceptance testing) Testing by the people who will use the system, with their own scenarios and data, before the business signs off for go-live. - Go-live and cut-over Go-live is the date the business starts using the new system. Cut-over is the plan for switching from old to new, including final data load. - Hypercare A period of closer support straight after go-live while users settle in and early issues are fixed. - TCO (total cost of ownership) The full cost of a system over several years: licences or subscriptions, implementation, integrations, customisation, training, support and hosting. - ROI (return on investment) A comparison of the benefits a project delivers, such as time saved, with its cost. - VAT (value added tax) A consumption tax charged on supplies of goods and services. Bahrain introduced VAT on 1 January 2019 and the standard rate has been 10% since 1 January 2022, according to the Bahrain national portal. Returns are filed through the NBR eServices portal. - NBR (National Bureau for Revenue) The Bahraini authority responsible for VAT and other tax administration. - LMRA (Labour Market Regulatory Authority) The Bahraini authority that regulates the labour market and operates the Wage Protection System (WPS). - WPS (Wage Protection System) A system operated by the LMRA through which employers submit and track salary payments for their employees. - SIO (Social Insurance Organization) The Bahraini organisation that administers social insurance, including employer and employee contributions. - PDPL (Personal Data Protection Law) Bahrain’s Law No. 30 of 2018 on personal data protection, overseen by the Personal Data Protection Authority. - CR (commercial registration) A company’s registration with the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, identified by a CR number and recorded on the Sijilat platform. - BHD (Bahraini dinar) The currency of the Kingdom of Bahrain, the currency BAHRAIN ERP uses in its calculators. Keep Exploring ## Related Pages - [Compare ERP platforms](https://www.erpbahrain.com/compare/) - [ERP by industry](https://www.erpbahrain.com/industries/) - [Compliance topics](https://www.erpbahrain.com/compliance/) - [Resources and tools](https://www.erpbahrain.com/resources/)